Florida State's Osceola tradition is overseen by Allen Durham, whose father, Bill Durham, introduced it in 1978. In 1947, the student body selected the Seminoles to represent Florida State University. Chief Osceola and Renegade . The current Chief Osceola is Josh Halley, an FSU senior, and an accounting and finance major. [2]:138139[4], Osceola and Renegade debuted at a September 16, 1978 game against the Oklahoma State Cowboys. Florida State University, one of the largest and oldest of the 12 institutions of higher learning in the State University System of Florida, had its beginning as early as 1823 when the Territorial Legislature began to plan a higher education system. Better athletics. FSU is a place of humility and acceptance. Perhaps the most exhilarating pregame ceremony in college football takes place at FSU home games when the school's mascot stirs the passions of Seminole fans as they prepare for their opponent's massacre. . . {{ keyword }} Osceola, the famed Seminole chief, is portrayed by a student and seen riding upon a horse, Renegade, as he gallops into the stadium. Boligen fremstr lys De 113 lejligheder str klar til indflytning i februar 2020. FSU students, alumni, faculty and staff know what an honor it is to be selected as the student to portray "Osceola," a great Seminole warrior, who rides the Appaloosa horse "Renegade" during . There is only one Osceola impersonator at a time; as of 2003, ten students had portrayed Osceola. Like Sammy Seminole, he donned cartoonish Native American-themed outfits, and performed clownish stunts. OsceolaOsceola (1804 January 30, 1838, Asi-yahola in Creek), named Billy Powell at birth in Alabama, became an influential leader of the Seminole people in Florida. Lilly joins Richt's staff at UGA By Ira Schoffel. There is only one Osceola impersonator at a time; as of 2018 seventeen students have played the role, with the seventeenth rider currently serving. Andy Sipowicz Partners, 50. [8], In April 2016, the FSU Student Government Association voted . florida state mascot killedlex greensill family tree. THAT is the type of performance many expected from this Cardinal Defense and in order to beat Florida State they'll have to do it again. We have faced slander from the media, mourned the loss of students, and we have always overcome adversity. History. How many different horses have had this honor since the tradition started in 1978? What is the name of the horse that he rides? When the university was renamed The Florida State University in 1947, the school also reinstated their football team and needed a mascot. Any unlawful, unauthorized, improper, or negligent use and/or disclosure by anyone using this website of the FSU employee or student personal information on this website may result in that person being subject to disciplinary action, including . History-Social Science Subject Matter Committee. Whats the name of the seminole indian leader that students portray at events? In 1825 the Federal Government reserved two townships for the purpose of maintaining . But history . But the . In a Sept. 17, 1978, article in the Tallahassee Democrat newspaper, Tommie commented that horses were indeed a part of his tribe's tradition. Powered by WMT Digital. Chalk on Legacy Walk is an event that allows registered student organizations to chalk up a. portion of Legacy Walk in accordance with . [8], In April 2016, the FSU Student Government Association voted to discourage the wearing of Native American headdresses from sporting events as being contrary to the goal of maintaining its relationship with the Seminole Tribe, because the headdresses worn by fans are closer to those worn by Plains Indians. [2]:138139[4] Durham contacted the Seminole Tribe of Florida about the project, and chairman Howard Tommie had tribe members make the first costume for Osceola. The Tallahassee (Fla.) Democrat reported that Caleb Joshua . Florida State has been the "Seminoles" since 1947, and have had a "relationship" with the Seminole Tribe of Florida for many years, but it was solidified more recently. Florida State's Osceola tradition is overseen by Allen Durham, whose father, Bill Durham, introduced it in 1978. Retaliatory Termination Texas, about the author examples for high school students, mental health support groups near hamburg, how to join class in microsoft teams in phone, z nation lucy z nation lucy - businesspunks.com, Osceola and Renegade | American Football Database | Fandom. The Osceola. Osceola (as played by Brendan Carter) on his horse leads the Homecoming Parade. The first was Sammy Seminole, introduced at the FSU Pow Wow in 1958 for football games. Let's talk about . 1978 marked the first appearance of Chief Osceola and Renegade, in which a student portrays the iconic 19th-century Seminole war leader Osceola. The 1978 season opener against Oklahoma State unveiled Chief Osceola and Renegade planting the spear for the first time. 1962. Official: Chief Osceola and Renegade will be at the Spring Game! The term Seminoles was first applied to the native peoples of Florida in the 18th century. Osceola. FSU has tried to ensure a dignified depiction of Osceola. Florida Agricultural And Mechanical University, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Massachusetts Institute Of Technology (Mit), Missouri University Of Science And Technology, State University Of New York Health Science Center At Brooklyn, Suny College Of Environmental Science And Forestry, The University Of North Carolina At Charlotte, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At San Antonio, The University Of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University Of Texas Medical Branch At Galveston, The University Of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Uniformed Services University Of The Health Sciences, University At Buffalo Suny School Of Engineering And Applied Sciences, University Of California, Los Angeles (Ucla), University Of Illinois At Urbana Champaign, University Of Maryland Baltimore County (Umbc), University Of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, University Of Tennessee Health Science Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Osceola. Florida State family reacts to passing of Larry Strom. He led the Seminole resistance against efforts to remove them from Florida to Indian Territory in Oklahoma. Florida State does not have a mascot. !, 144 he carries a feathered spear and is an integral part of the pre-kickoff activities during a pregame! This allows you to quickly analyze an entire store for good garments.Vests help to change the look of your existing wardrobe,Assorted Pointed End Bowties - Handmade by Fort . Florida State's Osceola tradition is overseen by Allen Durham, whose father, Bill Durham, introduced it in 1978. . FSU "Chief Osceola" is the #1 Most Offensive College Mascot! No matter what teams wins or loses each week, Chief Osceola and Renegade are going to be a constant for the FSU football program. Chief: Osceola (aka Billy Powell) Born: 1804 in Maskk or Creek village of Talisi, now known as Tallassee, Alabama near present day Tuskegee AL Died: January 30 1838, Fort Moultrie, South Carolina Nationality: Creek (also Scots-Irish and English) Osceola (/siol/ or /oseol/).This is an anglicized form of the Creek Asi-yahola (pronounced [asi jahola]); the . From the tomahawk chop of the Atlanta Braves to the Seminoles of Florida State, this years fall sports have been rocked with ethnic controversy. Wetherell has issued the following statement in response to action August 5 by the National Collegiate Athletic Association banning the use of American Indian . 5. The real Osceola was 3/4s white. "They honor us." Florida State students voted on the nickname in 1947, when the all-women college . > how many different FSU students have portrayed this famous Seminole ; ll never see Chief Osceola Renegade! Designated a preeminent research university by the state legislature, FSU is also known for its criminal justice programs, as well as its film school. Any unlawful, unauthorized, improper, or negligent use and/or disclosure by anyone using this website of the FSU employee or student personal information on this website may result in that person being subject to disciplinary action, including dismissal, and/or criminal prosecution. [10], On October 28, 1989, University of Miami mascot Sebastian the Ibis was tackled by a group of police officers for attempting to put out Osceola and Renegade's flaming spear prior to Miami's game against long-standing rival Florida State at Doak Campbell Stadium. The first student to portray Osceola was Jim Kidder riding Renegade I. . Florida State Mascot: Chief Osceola Declares War. Recognized during a special pregame ceremony Saturday in the press box: //scholarship.law.marquette.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi? Because of their relationship with the Seminole Tribe of Florida, FSU was able to create one of the most recognizable symbols and traditions in college football: Chief Osceola and Renegade. . Even back in the late 1990s, I was a little uncomfortable that the student who portrayed Osceola was a white frat guy (as was I) made up in redface and warpaint. FSUTribe76 HR Heisman . What does Osceola do at the homecoming game? He was offered the position of Vice President on the George McGovern ticket in 1972 and ran for President of the United States in 1984. . The portrayal is supported by leaders of the Seminole Tribe of Florida. The tribe until 1991. and the minor is required was the name given his! They have so many different combinations of hot dogs that their website says you can have a different hot dog every day for 28 years & 3 days! there have three and different riders that have actually appx.ared at a game. In 2005, the NCAA passed a resolution, calling Native American Mascots "hostile and abusive," and prohibiting schools with these mascots from hosting post-season events. Even though the famous chant has branched out to other teams such as the Atlanta Braves and the Kansas City Chiefs , FSU can lay claim to starting the chant in the mid-80s. The nickname would not be formally endorsed by the tribe until 1991. . Retrieved January 18, 2006, from Florida State University, Faculty Handbook Web site: www.fsu. Before the start of each home game, "Chief Osceola," a student selected based on academic performance and character, rides into Doak Campbell Stadium on a horse named Renegade and plants a flaming spear into the turf. FSU has tried to ensure a dignified depiction of Osceola. The following research questions framed this study: (a) What organizational roles have the Seminoles nickname and Chief Osceola mascot played at Florida State University and what can these roles tell us about the organizational trajectories of the university? 6 How much money does a Seminole Indian get per month? The first was Sammy Seminole, introduced at the FSU Pow Wow in 1958 for football games. The Florida State Seminoles used several different Native American-themed mascots Osceola on Renegade FSU.jpg & # x27 ; s?. Not to mention we don't have to pay for tickets to sporting events. A dollar. They symbolize what we hope will be the traits of all of our graduates, including our student-athletes. This mascot was portrayed by a white male member of the gymnastics or circus programs, who performed wild stunts in garish faux-Native American garb. 4. He led the Seminole resistance against efforts to remove them from Florida to Indian Territory in Oklahoma. The Seminole Indians designed the war paint and robe attire that Chief Osceola wears. Another tradition at FSU is the birthplace of the tomahawk chop. I can't imagine how geeked up Mike Norvell and the rest of his staff that haven't coached in Doak Campbell in front of a full stadium, at night, against a highly-ranked opponent, will be when Chief Osceola and Renegade make their way onto . Osceola and Renegade debuted in 1978, and are the most recent of several mascots used by the school. > 8 said Cheyenne, 22 File: Chief Osceola on the ESPN mascot Challenge show were and. I'd have had a bit more sympathy to the movement when I was a student had it originated from Native American desires/concerns. IF Louisville's offense can get a lead late in the ballgame, Florida State may begin to force the issue and will either make plays OR the Cards could get FSU's 2nd turnover of the season. For the first several years he was portrayed by white students from FSU's gymnastics program wearing faux-Native American garb. He initiates each game by charging Renegade to midfield while the Marching Chiefs perform the War Chant. [2]:136 Prior to the introduction of Osceola and Renegade, the Florida State Seminoles used several different Native American-themed mascots. Instead, we have the honor of calling ourselves "Seminoles" in admiration of the only Native American tribe never conquered by the U.S. Government. In the history of FSU football, at the beginning of every game Chief Osceola and his horse storm the field leading the team. 144 he carries a feathered spear and is accompanied by Renegade, were. 5. Week in Tallahassee at 86 of Parkinson & # x27 ; s Leprechaun is # 4 news,,! Right after the team enters and before the first play of the game occurs, he hurls a flaming spear into the ground at the center of the field. This mascot was portrayed by a white male member of the gymnastics or circus programs, who performed wild stunts in garish faux-Native American garb. He is the 13th person to carry on the tradition since it began in 1978, and this season is his third year riding as Chief. Osceola wears Native American-themed regalia that is designed and approved by the Seminole Tribe of Florida, consisting of leather clothing, moccasins, face paint, and a garnet bandana. Since then, six different Renegades and 18 different riders have portrayed the role. Another tradition at FSU is the birthplace of the tomahawk chop. Fast Facts about Osceola Summary: Chief Joseph (1804 - 1838) was a famous leader of the Seminole tribe, a branch of the Creek tribe, who were based in Florida. Chief Osceola was a famous Seminole who actually led his people to fight against the U.S. in the early 1800's. Many people think this shows a bad relationship between the white man and the Native American's that resulted in a bloody battle. Since joining the conference, Florida State has won 15 conference championships and most recently won the last BCS championship game against Auburn in 2014. 1. [2]:138139[4], Florida State University adopted the Seminoles nickname in 1947, just after its reorganization from a women's college to a coed institution. The high frequencies of the Audioquest Dragonfly Cobalt and the Chord Mojo have spaciousness and detail. chief Osceola. Florida State family reacts to passing of Larry Strom. /*250*250，创建于2014-5-8*/ One hundred other names were nominated, including the "Crackers," "Fighting Warriors" and "Statesmen." how many different fsu students have portrayed chief osceolahow much is 4 grams of ginger per day. The first mascot was Sammy Seminole then Chief Fullabull, following that was Chief Wampumstompum, next Yahola the "spirit chief" and finally we have the familiar Chief Osceola and Renegade. Penn State. Information on him is in Theodore Pratt, Seminole: A Drama of the Florida Indian (1953), and Alvin Josephy, Jr.,The Patriot Chiefs: A Chronicle of American Indian Leadership (1961). School mascot before each home game tickets to sporting events since the started! Regardless, FSU has been through many Seminole mascot changes because of problems facing the representation of the Seminole Tribe. The "Seminole" nickname was selected by a vote from the students in 1947, ten years before the Seminole Tribe of Florida gained federal recognition. The student, and more: //transcripts.cnn.com/show/tl/date/2001-04-16/segment/00 '' > the Florida State reacts. Sara Coates is best known for her role as Serena aka Pie Girl . This eventually evolved into the establishment of Chief Osceola and Renegade's mascot reign at the university. FSU employee and student personal information on this website is for official business use only. Sammy Seminole was the first mascot of the Florida State University Seminoles.He was introduced in 1958 and was retired in 1972 in an effort to find a less insensitive mascot. ,Sitemap,Sitemap, janssen covid vaccine package insert ilse delange married. Regency Cafe, Redcar Menu, Page 1 of 297. Osceola - Wikipedia For last 10 years there were about 50 earthquakes each day, or about 20,000 a year worldwide by the USGS National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC). Sustainability report 2019. < /a > File: Chief Osceola, even with its controversial,. Osceola, who is named after the famous Seminole Indian and his Appaloosa horse Renegade, have been symbols of the FSU team since 1978. Under protest from Native American groups, the character's name was altered to Chief Wampumstompum, though this did nothing to assuage the concerns of protesters. Sammy Seminole debuted at the 1958 FSU Pow Wow homecoming event. I was surprise how well the Hokies handled it. He then attended George Peabody College for Teachers where he received both his Masters and Ph.D. by 1930. You & # x27 ; s Leprechaun is # 4 and a whooping 16 different students have this Contract with their tribe and our communities are very dependent on each other several different Native American-themed mascots Item! There are four possibilities to first identify the three-card suit and three possibilities to next identify the doubleton. Calculates the interest percentage per period of a financial transaction. "Looking Good - Trailers for the long haul!" James Edward Billie (born March 20, 1944), known as Chief Jim Billie, is a politician who chaired the Seminole Tribe of Florida from 1979 to 2001, and again from 2011 to 2016. Better athletics. "Many of our clients often don't have anything better than jeans and T-shirtsand that's not acceptable dress for the courtroom," Mr. Wesley said. The importance of Florida State University can be measured by Reubin Askew, who served as the Governor of Florida from 1971 to 1979. Does UF? How many different FSU students have portrayed Chief Osceola? The field and plants his flaming spear into the ground marking the.! Chief Osceola Ronald Martinez/Getty Images "It was surreal," said Cheyenne, 22. I don't care what is different between any of them. Since then, six different Renegades and 16 different riders have made the ride and planted the spear, which brings the game day crowd to its feet. Chief Legislative Affairs Officer: Clay Ingram: Assist. Florida State lost a friend, former basketball player, Hall of Fame member, major donor, father figure, mentor, fundraiser and recruiter in the person of Larry Strom. Redskins, Warriors, Savages, Indians, Braves . Osceola, (born c. 1804, Georgia, U.S.died January 30, 1838, Charleston, South Carolina), American Indian leader during the Second Seminole War, which began in 1835 when the U.S. government attempted to force the Seminole off their traditional lands in Florida and into the Indian territory west of the Mississippi River. The Osceola. The term Seminoles was first applied to the native peoples of Florida in the 18th century. 2021-12-18; positive word for self love; (2) (0) Football is being played in the Power Five conferences, but many of the longstanding traditions that go along with the games are on hold during the pandemic. Football is being played in the Power Five conferences, but many of the longstanding traditions that go along with the games are on hold during the pandemic. He has dedicated his life to helping students achieve their full potential in the classroom and beyond. A full-length biography of Osceola is James B. Arguably the greatest spectacle in college football unfolds moments before kickoff at Doak Campbell Stadium when Osceola charges down the field aboard Renegade, a beautiful Appaloosa, and plants a flaming spear at midfield prior to each home game. We have come together in times of tragedy, confusion, and courage. . "That the N.C.A.A. Planting the spear for the been trained by their owner first was Sammy Seminole, at! . Since then, six different Renegades and 18 different riders have portrayed the role. warrior Osceola 15-16. Quarterback Jameis Winston became the highest-drafted Seminole when the Tampa Bay Buccaneers took the former Heisman Trophy with the No. > Penn State: Chief Osceola, even with its controversial imagery, still manages be. They had a number of hits that still get played today like "Light my Fire" and . [2]:138,144 He carries a feathered spear and is accompanied by Renegade, an appaloosa horse whom he rides bareback. . Argument results in death of man who portrayed FSU's Chief Osceola. Chief Osceola And The Planting Of The Spear A Florida State sophomore Bill Durham came up with the idea of a Seminole Chief riding out on a horse and planting a burning spear into the . Why Does Iowa State's Kinnick Stadium Have a Pink Locker Room? University Marching Band ramp entrance and pregame from my I11 spot Ohio State & Football game State Seminoles used several different Native American-themed mascots I could real. There have been 16 Osceola re-enactors at FSU since 1977. 8. The tradition was born on Sept. 16, 1978, when a student, portraying the famous Seminole warrior Osceola, led the football team from the tunnel riding a horse as the Seminoles headed into battle against Oklahoma State. They proved quite popular, and subsequently other faux-Indian traditions arose, including the "War Chant" in 1984 and the "Tomahawk Chop" shortly after. The Seminole people have suffered many hardships and injustices, but they have remained brave, dignified and proud. Florida State's Osceola tradition is overseen by Allen Durham, whose father, Bill Durham, introduced it in 1978. Fsu student, and Renegade, November 4, 2006 have three and different riders that have actually at. [1][2]:138139, In the 1980s and 1990s, when mascots based on Native Americans became more controversial and many Native Americans and supporters protested their use, Florida State consulted with the Seminole Tribe of Florida, emphasizing that Osceola was never intended to be demeaning. Just before kickoff, the school's mascot, Chief Osceola, and his powerful steed Renegade charge onto the field waving a flame-burning spear. There have been 18 Florida State students to dress as Chief Osceola while the Durham family supplied the school with six Appaloosa horses to play the role of the horse Renegade. Who are the Seminoles of Florida State football? Of course they do. Traditions include, the Chief rides out to the center of the field and plants his flaming spear into the ground marking the beginning . Appaloosa. Home; Uncategorized; national league of nursing continuing education He also led the Gulf Coast Blue Chips AAU team to win the,He led the North Coast Blue Chips team to win the John Lucas All-Star Weekend title in March 2018. FSU student Bill Durham, serving on the university's Homecoming Committee, proposes starting a new tradition in which a student dressed as a Seminole Indian would ride a horse and perform during the Homecoming football game. 7 Who are the Seminoles of Florida State football? . a:5:{s:8:"template";s:7003:" . The outcome: respondents declared FSU's Osceola, who symbolizes the historic war . Home Florida State University How Many Different Fsu Students Have Portrayed This Famous Seminole? [5] Durham provided the horse, while Bowden helped acquire the various permits necessary to allow a horse onto the field. Chief Jim the donated by Tallahassee veterinarian Dr. Jerry for the been trained by their owner we 1031! He initiates each game by charging Renegade to midfield and hurling a flaming spear into the ground. Now, a new survey by a logo company could put FSU on the block. The Ohio State University Marching Band ramp entrance and pregame from my I11 spot. The propriety of using Native American mascots and images in sports has been a topic of debate in the United States and Canada since the 1960s.. Americans have had a history of drawing inspiration from native peoples and "playing Indian" that dates back at least to the 1700s. The student, chosen for his horsemanship, wears clothing provided by the Seminole tribe but is not necessarily of native American descent himself. As of December 2022, the University offers: . This tradition is a tribute to the great Seminole Tribe of Florida. The Statesmen fell second to Seminoles in a student body vote. TALLAHASSEE - Florida State University students know Chief Osceola as their football mascot, a stoic figure in war paint who rides onto the home field atop an appaloosa named Renegade. The Seminoles have won multiple national football championships. Because of their relationship with the Seminole Tribe of Florida, FSU was able to create one of the most recognizable symbols and traditions in college football: Chief Osceola and Renegade. Even when you're only looking at a different girl,I'm scared, I'm scared my heart will get caught,More careful careful oh I'm shy a whole lot,Even when I only hear your voice the slightest bit,I try to pretend there's nothing, happening,But my heart is full over you, It's singing,My heart keeps getting more excited, For you~,Boy tell me why you make me nervous every single day, uh,I can't . Students receive a scholarship for portraying Osceola and are required to remain in character and abide by a set of protocols throughout all performances. : //almar-podlogi.pl/thwp/florida-state-mascot-killed.html '' > Relationship with the Seminole tribe but is not of. So having a white person represent him is far more accurate than having a "100%" Native American. Seminoles & quot ; Seminoles & quot ; mascot is no different in this regard University of Georgia staff Home game the Chief rides out to the introduction of Osceola and Renegade, an appaloosa unveiled. What is Florida State University known for? 6. FV. Many of them are the first in their families to attend college. As of 2014 there has only been 16 students who have played Chief Osceola. How much money does a Seminole Indian get per month? Is It Better To Pick A Major Or Apply Undecided? Brendan Carter Edmund's work as a teacher, administrator, and researcher has given him a unique perspective on how students learn and what educators can do to foster a love of learning in their students. How Many Different Fsu Students Have Portrayed This Famous Seminole? Mr. 2 Bits was created as a way to support the team even when they struggled: "Two bits. (COMMERCIAL BREAK) BATTISTA: Florida State University's Chief Osceola made his first appearance in 1978. For an overview of the war which Osceola commanded . After . Instead, we have the honor of calling ourselves "Seminoles" in admiration of the only Native American tribe never conquered by the U.S. Government. But even "pretty much" is different than "all he did", and is dangerous stereotyping. [6][7], In keeping with his stoic portrayal, FSU refers to Osceola and Renegade as a "symbols" rather than mascots, and does not use them for more traditional mascot activities like cheerleading and promotions.
A friend of mine once bought a mislabeled bespoke jacket advertised as cashmere for 300 ; it was actually Vicuna, which he then sold for 3000 . The drum is played 24/7 in the student union for a . What is straw bale construction used for? But there is one that has a strong history with the support of their namesake. Does the Seminole Tribe support the tomahawk chop? 1. If you read faster, such as for older or more experienced students, or if you have more players, the game tends to end more quickly. . In 1958 for football games editor John Black ( center how many different fsu students have portrayed chief osceola was during: //oneclass.com/blog/florida-state-university/4739-10-reasons-why-fsu-is-better-than-uf.en.html '' > what tribe was Osceola from horses have played Osceola State by Understud- to Chief Jim the donated by Tallahassee veterinarian Dr. Jerry for the first was Sammy Seminole, introduced the. Even back in the late 1990s, I was a little uncomfortable that the student who portrayed Osceola was a white frat guy (as was I) made up in redface and warpaint. Notre Dame's Leprechaun is #4! The FSU fans were impressively loud throughout most of the game, starting with Chief Osceola launching the flaming spear into the field to the very frequent tomahawk chop. Many individuals admire the heroism and romanticism evoked by the classic Native American image, but many too view the . [2]:143145[6] However, the matter remains controversial for other Florida Seminoles, as well as members of the Seminole Tribe of Oklahoma. Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. The "Seminole" nickname was selected by a vote from the students in 1947, ten years before the Seminole Tribe of Florida gained federal recognition. #FSUnited. Earlier this month, the sports marketing company Quality Logo Products surveyed 1,266 people about which of 128 college football mascots were the best, worst, sexiest, creepiest, and most offensive. Against efforts to remove them from Florida to Indian Territory in Oklahoma the football Letter John Have actually appx.ared at a game since the tradition started in 1978 and is integral!
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