In later decades, particularly since the 1960s Middle Eastern Armenians immigrated to Michigan. In places as distant as Los Angeles and Beirut, both home to significant Armenian diasporas, pro-Armenian activists have marched, gathered assistance and organized volunteers for the. [50] The 20092013 American Community Survey estimates put the number of Armenian-speakers at 237,840. U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Los Angeles city, California QuickFacts Los Angeles city, California Table (a) Includes persons reporting only one race (c) Economic Census - Puerto Rico data are not comparable to U.S. Economic Census data (b) Hispanics may be of any race, so also are included in applicable race categories [44] Meanwhile, Armenian immigration from the Middle East continues, contributing to California's distinction of having, by far, the highest Armenian American population of any state. (, ) 2005 2015 . (, ) , [Census 2015: Population (urban, rural) by nationality, sex and age]", " 2015. Many Armenians fled Armenia to find safety in other countries, including the United States. [1] Higher estimates of 800,000 to 1,500,000 are offered by many Armenian and non-Armenian organizations, media and scholars. [58] A group of Armenian Americans from Istanbul founded the Organization of Istanbul Armenians (OIA) in 1976,[59] which claimed over 1,000 members in Southern California as of 2011. [28], A new wave of Armenian immigrants moved in the late 1940s, including Soviet Armenian prisoners of war who were able to make their way westward after being freed from Nazi camps. Armenian American literature constitutes a diverse body of literature that incorporates American writers of Armenian ancestry. [143] The 1988 Spitak earthquake and the Karabakh movement brought the separate groups of the Armenian community together. Los Angeles, California: Dating Angeles is a sprawling the that happens app be home to a very large Armenian community. Armenian Americans gather in multiple towns and cities every year on 24 April for the recognition of the Armenian genocide. The highest concentration of Americans of Armenian descent is in the Greater Los Angeles area, where 166,498 people have identified themselves as Armenian to the 2000 Census, comprising over 40% of the 385,488 people who identified Armenian origins in the US at the time. [32] The Armenian communities in these Middle Eastern countries were well established and integrated, but not assimilated, into local populations. the German news website Spiegel Online and The New York Review of Books reported the estimate of 1,200,000,[68][69] while the World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples, U.S. News & World Report,[70] and Los Angeles Times[71] put the number at 1,400,000. A woman holds a sign during a protest outside the Los Angeles Times headquarters in El Segundo on Tuesday. [109], Other major northeastern cities with significant Armenian populations include Philadelphia and Providence. Andrea Martin, comedian and film and television actor, best known as a regular on the Canadian television comedy show, SCTV and as Aunt Voula in My Big Fat Greek Wedding and My Big Fat Greek Wedding 2, is from a paternal and maternal, Armenian-American family. [83] The Armenian Genocide Martyrs Monument, the oldest and largest Armenian Genocide memorial in the US, is located in Montebello.[92]. [55], The Armenian American community has been described as the "most influential" Armenian community in the world, though smaller in size than the one in Russia. Since the 1950s many Armenians from the Middle East (especially from Lebanon, Syria, Iran, Iraq, Egypt and Turkey) migrated to the U.S. as a result of political instability in the region. (Photo: MoD of Armenia, October 5, 2020) By now you know that Azerbaijan . The team publishes stories and information that help people solve problems, answer questions and make big decisions about life in and around Los Angeles. Below are the best communities outside of Armenia for single Armenian meet and men looking to date someone best is of Armenian descent. [168] The metal band System of a Down is composed of four Armenian members of the diaspora: Serj Tankian, Daron Malakian, Shavo Odadjian, and John Dolmayan. Ada Tseng is an assistant editor on the Utility Journalism team at the Los Angeles Times. [102] Today, according to estimates there are 150,000 Armenians in the Tri-State area. [83][90] Glendale also home to the highest percentage of people born in Armenia. The first Armenian-language newspaper in the US, named Aregak (, "Sun"), was published in Jersey City in 1888. The main goal is to get more attention about the situation. Coach Jerry Tarkanian built the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) into a "national powerhouse in college basketball" and was included in the Basketball Hall of Fame in 2013. [209] Armenian-born chess players Tatev Abrahamyan and Varuzhan Akobian have represented the US in Chess Olympiad. The metro area population of Los Angeles in 2020 was 12,447,000, a 0.01% decline from 2019. [46] Almost 90% had moved in the previous two decades (57,960)[47] and lived in California (57,482). During the 1933 World's Fair, Leon Tourian, the primate of the Eastern Diocese of the Armenian Apostolic Church of America, refused to give a speech because the Armenian tricolor of the 19181920 Republic was hanging behind him, while Etchmiadzin, the seat of the Catholicos of All Armenians, was in Armenia that was then part of the Soviet Union and used a different flag. [31], The 15-year-long Lebanese Civil War that started in 1975 and the Iranian revolution of 1979 greatly contributed to the influx of Middle Eastern Armenians to the US. People also get information directly from the region, Chahinian said. The city is also widely known as the birthplace of William Saroyan, many of whose stories are set there. This page in: English; . Other states with significant number of Armenian-speakers were New York (8,575) and Massachusetts (8,091). [87][88][89] According to the 2000 Census 53,840 people or 27% of the population identified themselves Armenian in Glendale. On Wednesday, a crowd shut down Wilshire Boulevard in Westwood, and on Thursday, many traveled to Washington to protest in front of the White House. Any other solution wont work, otherwise it wouldve worked by now. My family member [in Armenia] would always call his mom and be like Mom you should talk to me because I dont know if this is going to be the last time. He passed away, Terzian said. They know their life is at risk but they dont care. [10], The number of Armenians rose from 20 in 1854 to around 70 by the 1870s. Rouben Mamoulian was a film and theater director and also known as co-producer of the first feature film (Becky Sharp, 1935) to use the three-strip Technicolor process. [1] Various organizations and media criticize these numbers as an underestimate, proposing 800,000 to 1,500,000 Armenian Americans instead. However, the true second wave of immigration did not begin until the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 abolished national origins quotas. [136] It possesses over 90 churches throughout the nation. [181] Syria-born Hrag Vartanian is the founder and editor-in-chief of the art journal Hyperallergic.[182]. [29] From 1944 to 1952, 4,739 Armenians migrated to the US,[14] many with the help of George Mardikian's American National Committee to Aid Homeless Armenians (ANCHA).[30]. [196] Harry Tutunjian was the Republican mayor of Troy, New York from 2003 to 2012. Today, it brings together more than 6,000 athletes from 300 teams, 2,000 scouts. The National Association for Armenian Studies and Research (NAASR) is located in Belmont, and "starting in early 2018, NAASR will undertake top-to-bottom renovationsto transform it into a welcoming hub and first-class Armenian Studies research center for scholars and myriad others, Armenians and non-Armenians alike. Although thats true, all sides have agreed that this is not about religion, Ghazarian said. [26], According to estimates, around 77,980 Armenians lived in the US by 1919. [109] Worcester, Massachusetts was also a major center for Armenian immigrants in the early part of the twentieth century. Many of them were young male students of the American Evangelical Missions spread throughout the Ottoman Empire. In 2000, an East Hollywood neighborhood was designated Little Armenia. [16][17][18] The New York Times talked of about 10,000 Armenians in the US in 1895. Asbarez (, "Arena") is the only daily, published in Los Angeles since 1908. [27], In total, 81,729 Armenians entered the US from 1899 to 1931 according to the Immigration and Naturalization Service. It accelerated in the late 1980s and has continued after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 due to socio-economic and political reasons. October 28, 2020 Harut Sassounian My Turn 1. In Massachusetts, George Keverian served as a representative in the State House, eventually becoming its speaker from 1985 to 1991. They take pride in their support of Etchmiadzin, in the massive humanitarian aid given since the 1988 earthquake, in Armenians in high government positions, and particularly in the establishment of the American University of Armenia, the first major experiment in American higher education in the former Soviet Union. On Tuesday, the protest outside The Times headquarters in El Segundo was partly driven by anger over a story that quoted Nasimi Aghayev, the consul general of Azerbaijan in Los Angeles, who accused Armenia of promoting white supremacist propaganda. [194], A small number of Armenian Americans moved to Armenia in the early 1990s, some becoming notable in their ancestral homeland. These developments refocused the priorities of the Armenian Church in America. The official recognition of the Armenian genocide by the US federal government is seen one of the most vital steps in international and full recognition of the 19151923 events. [220] Christmas Tree Shops, a chain of small stores, was founded by Charles Bilezikian and his wife. After the passage of that act, Armenians from the Soviet Union, Turkey, Lebanon, Iran and other Middle Eastern countries began migrating in large numbers, many fleeing political instability in their host countries. According to the 2019 US Census Bureau estimates, Los Angeles County's population was 52.1% White (25.9% Non-Hispanic White), 8.1% Black or African American, 14.7% Asian, 0.8% Native American and Alaskan Native, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 19.9% Other Race, and 4.1% from two or more races. [137] It was reported that 80% of Armenian Americans are Armenian Apostolic, 10% are Protestant (mostly Armenian Evangelical) and 3% are Armenian Catholic. [9] The only Armenian known to have participated in hostilities was Khachadour Paul Garabedian, who enlisted in the Union Navy. [222][223] It is claimed that he took the Armenian tricolor flag to space with him.[224]. )", " : (1926 . [24][verification needed], According to the Bureau of Immigration, 54,057 Armenians entered the US between 1899 and 1917. The Armenian diaspora in L.A. is currently protesting for three things: the acknowledgment of Artsakh as an independent republic, the termination of military aid to Azerbaijan by the United States and more media coverage that sheds light on the conflict in an accurate way. Here are 10 of the ethnic enclaves that make up the patchwork quilt of Los . Each side reads their own official information, that theyre being attacked by the other side, he said. A majority of Armenian-speakers (115,017) were foreign-born. ", "One-Man Show Tells Pulitzer-Prize Winning Author's Story", "Ai Weiwei is named ArtReview's 'most powerful artist', "For Canadians, Thanksgiving Is a 'Quieter' Affair in October", "Gregory H. Adamian, 89; former Bentley College president", "Istanbul-born MIT professor named world's most influential economist", "Daron Acemoglu Named Most Influential Economist", "Department of Art and Art History: People", "Dr. Jack Kevorkian Dies at 83; A Doctor Who Helped End Lives", "Jacob 'Jack' Kevorkian Dies; Death With Dignity Proponent Remembered", "Jerry Tarkanian, 84, N.C.A.A. The need for humanitarian relief to the Armenian homeland, as well as outreach to refugees settling throughout the US (concentrated in New York and Los Angeles), led to the creation of the Fund for Armenian Reliefthrough which the church delivers material and medical aid to Armenia. She previously led coverage of Orange County as TimesOCs entertainment editor, and she co-hosts the Asian American pop culture history podcast Saturday School.. [100], New York was also a destination for Armenian immigrants in the early 20th century. ", Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary Volume XXa, " --", " Weekly - . [39], Immediately before and continuing into the time of the dissolution of the Soviet Union, waves of Armenians from Armenia and other former Soviet republics arrived for political reasons and economic opportunities, settling in older established Armenian communities across the country. In Armenia, the reformed orthography is used, while most Armenians in the diaspora (including Lebanon, Syria, Turkey and Iran) use the classical orthography. In 1992, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe formed the Minsk Group, with Russia, France and the U.S. in charge of finding a diplomatic solution in Nagorno-Karabakh. [66] Prof. Dennis R. Papazian of University of MichiganDearborn claimed that there were 1,000,000 people of Armenian ancestry living in the US. A group of elected officials gathered at Los Angeles City Hall on Monday to decry the deadly conflict between Armenia and neighboring Azerbaijan and call on the Trump . [72] The Armenian National Committee of America,[73] The Armenian Weekly,[74] The Armenian Reporter,[75] and Reuters offer the highest number, at around 1,500,000 Armenian Americans. Projections 2,000,000 4,000,000 6,000,000 8,000,000 10,000,000 12,000,000 Population 12,534,000 [22] As more Armenians fell victim to the genocide and more Armenians were deported, the Armenian American community grew dramatically. Sherman Oaks Notre Dame overcomes deficit to win Mission League opener, California to alter COVID rules in healthcare settings: Masks and vaccinations not required, Welcome to the world, baby Winter, born amid a snowstorm in Lake Arrowhead, Gripped by grace: Thousands gather for Bishop OConnells funeral Mass, Civilian oversight commission calls for sheriff to outlaw deputy gangs, ban their rituals, Bullets fly amid wild chase on streets of Los Angeles. The Istanbul pogrom in 1955 frightened the local Turkish Armenian population, which looked to the West for a safe and more prosperous life. Thankfully I have a lot of non-Armenian friends who are posting. [36], The New York Times estimated 500,000 Armenian-Americans in the 1980s,[37][38] including 50,000 in the New York metropolitan area. Nagorno-Karabakh, or Artsakh, which is its historic Armenian name, has been inhabited by Armenians since the civilization of ancient Armenias Urartu. This is the . International media often frame the dispute as one between a Christian country, Armenia, and a Muslim country, Azerbaijan and Nagorno-Karabakh as a minority Christian enclave within a majority Muslim country. The global population of Armenians is estimated at 10 million, but only three million live in Armenia, while the remaining seven million are spread across the globe, including an estimated 2.5 Armenians in Russia. (Jay L. Clendenin / Los Angeles. Up to three different 24-hour Armenian language television and radio channels are available. [5] He later worked for the New York Herald Tribune and became the New York Press Club president. [5] Before 1899, immigrants were not classified by ethnicity, but rather by country of birth, obscuring the ethnic origins of many Armenians. [118] The Armenian Genocide Museum of America is also located in the capital. Armenians were the largest minority group in Fresno County. From 1910 to 1912 he studied at the Boston University and died in Watertown, Massachusetts in 1983.[208]. Decades later when the Soviet Union was on the verge of collapse, even more Armenians fled to the United States as refugees, creating an even larger diaspora. [5][6] In 165354, two Armenians from Constantinople were invited to Virginia to raise silk worms. Immigrants were asked to indicate which state they were going to settle in; for Armenians, the most popular answers were New York (17,391), Massachusetts (14,192), Rhode Island (4,923), Illinois (3,313), California (2,564), New Jersey (2,115), Pennsylvania (2,002), Michigan (1,371). [25] In 1916 there were 34 Armenian parishes with 27,450 members with a predominantly male population. Armenian Americans (Armenian: , romanized:amerikahayer) are citizens or residents of the United States who have total or partial Armenian ancestry. The eruption of hostilities in Nagorno-Karabakh runs the risk of escalating into a larger regional conflict, which is why third parties in the region must stay out of this conflict and the Minsk Group mediators must immediately seek de-escalation and a return to negotiations, Biden said. Archbishop Khajag Barsamian is primate of the Eastern Diocese (since 1990); Archbishop Hovnan Derderian of the Western Diocese (since 2003). He was posthumously awarded with National Hero of Armenia title. As English quickly becomes the second language of the new republic, Armenians in America feel closer to the homeland, suffering Armenia's tragedies and rejoicing in its successes. (The Turkish government disputes that the deaths estimates range from 600,000 to 1.5 million people killed under the Ottoman Empire constituted a genocide.). The Armenian General Benevolent Union (AGBU) is known for its financial support and promotion of Armenian culture and Armenian language schools. Their number is estimated to be around 25,000. Ross Bagdasarian Sr. (known by the moniker David Seville) created Alvin and the Chipmunks. Takooshian, Harold. A number of restaurants function in the Los Angeles area and other locations with high concentration of Armenian-Americans. The Displaced Persons Act of 1948 allowed people displaced during the World War II to immigrate to the US. Sebouh (Steve) Tashjian, a California Armenian originally from Jerusalem, served as Minister of Energy, while Lebanese-born Gerard Libaridian, a Boston-based historian, was President Levon Ter-Petrosyan's adviser. Out of all the cities in the United States, Los Angeles has the largest population of Armenians. A number of Armenians have entered into politics. Some estimates have the Singles population in Lost Angeles at over ,! [216] Kirk Kerkorian, known as "the father of the megaresort",[217] was claimed to be the richest man in Los Angeles prior to his death in 2015. At the 2020 U.S. Census the population was 196,543, [7] up from 191,719 at the 2010 census, [12] making it the fourth-largest city in Los Angeles County and the 24th-largest city in California. 1 Andre Agassi. [42][122], The Armenian language has two distinct standardized forms: Western Armenian and Eastern Armenian, both widely spoken among the Armenian American community. As a result, much of the information reported is coming from each countrys military. [76], Most Armenian Americans are concentrated in major urban areas, especially in California and the Northeast, and to a lesser extent in the Midwest. Why are people treating me this way? [207] Another notable military commander, Garegin Nzhdeh, lived in Boston, Massachusetts from 1933 to 1937, where he founded the Armenian Youth Federation. Turkish involvement is terrifying for the Armenian American community, many of whom have familial ties to the genocide. [7] As of 1993 there were 28 Armenian Protestant Churches. Other notable figures include sculptor Reuben Nakian,[180] painters John Altoon, Edward Avedisian, Charles Garabedian, Ludwig Mactarian, and Arman Manookian. If military conflict alone did it, wed be done, but were not done.. Therefore, individuals exist who are not acculturated at all to the dominant American culture, as well as those who have chosen to separate from the Armenian community and acculturate completely, and many who are in the middle of acculturation spectrum. . The conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh can be traced to the beginnings of the Soviet Union. The Armenian National Institute lists 30 Armenian Genocide memorials in the US. Armenia Fund raises millions of dollars every year for infrastructural development in Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh. ", Forgotten Bread: First-Generation Armenian American Writers, ed. // , ", " [Armenians in Russia like fish in water]", " ", " [Armenian diaspora of Russia]", " ", " 2010 : 4 , ", Federal State Statistics Service of Russia, " , 300- -- ", Diocese of the Armenian Church of New Nakhichevan and Russia, " -- II ", " ", " ", " ", "Population Census 2011: Population (urban, rural) by Ethnicity, Sex and Age", " ", " 2010 : ", " ", " . ", "Total population by regions and ethnicity", " ", " ", " ", " Marseille, personne n'chappe cette mmoire", "In France's second city, a vibrant outpost of Armenian culture", " "" ", " 2010 ", " ", " : " ", " 2015. During the rise of the Soviet Union, the Soviet authorities gave the region of Artsakh to Azerbaijan in 1921. People are talking about genocide and ethnic cleansing, but its not being thrown around lightly. In 1992, Dr. Dickran Kouymjian of the California State University, Fresno stated: All have refocused their efforts toward Armenia, providing financial and professional skill. Armenians in L.A. dont think this issue can be put to rest until the global community recognizes Artsakh as an independent republic. Joe Simitian had been a California state senator since 2004,[194] while Paul Krekorian was elected to the Los Angeles City Council in 2010 from District 2, where the Armenian population of Los Angeles is concentrated. The top listed countries of origin were Turkey (46,474), Russia (3,034), Canada (1,577), Great Britain (914) and Egypt (894). Another reason Armenians are protesting is that some take issue with media coverage of the conflict. There are those who left in the years following independence during economic hardship. Turkey is vocally supporting Azerbaijan. [184][185], Raymond Damadian, a recipient of the National Medal of Technology, had a significant contribution to the invention of the MRI. [101] The area was mentioned in 1914 book Our Mr. Wren: The Romantic Adventures of a Gentle Man by Sinclair Lewis (the 1930 Nobel Prize Winner). [5] The persecution of Christian minorities under the Ottoman Empire and American missionary activities resulted in a small wave of Armenian migration to the US in the 1830s from Cilicia and Western Armenia. [136][141][142], On October 12, 1957, during the peak of the Cold War, a number of parishes of the Armenian Apostolic Church in America, which were unaffiliated since 1933, came together under the Holy See of Cilicia with the headquarters in Lebanon, close to the Armenian Revolutionary Federation. Get up to speed with our Essential California newsletter, sent six days a week. We knew civilians were being attacked, the capital was attacked, Turkey was open that they were in on it, and it felt very different this time.. So these are direct ties to Armenia and Artsakh, not an abstract relationship, Chahinian said. [2] The first major wave of Armenian immigration to the United States took place in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Drastamat Kanayan (Dro), the Defense Minister of Armenia from 1918 to 1919, lived in America after World War II and was shortly arrested for collaborating with the Nazis. He was an Iranian Armenian tobacco grower who settled in Jamestown, Virginia in 1618. Many Armenians think that the US has the ability to force Turkey to recognize the past and pay Armenians and Armenia their reparations, that includes (for some) the return of the so-called Wilsonian Armenia to the Republic of Armenia. Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, blocked traffic on the 101 and 170 freeways, protested outside the Turkish Consulate in Beverly Hills, are preparing to leave Southern California, Tiny ethnic Armenian enclave may spark a wider conflict, Hundreds protest outside L.A. Times over coverage of Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict, Bound by duty and love, some L.A. Armenians are joining the battle lines in their homeland, protest outside The Times headquarters in El Segundo, vowed to support a resolution acknowledging the Armenian genocide, Desperate mountain residents trapped by snow beg for help; We are coming, sheriff says, Hidden, illegal casinos are booming in L.A., with organized crime reaping big profits, Best coffee city in the world? [123] Furthermore, Western and Eastern Armenian use two different spellings. [126][127] The 1990 US Census revealed 308,096 people of Armenian ancestry at the time and 149,694 people who indicated Armenian as their native language. Los Angeles is considered one of the main centers of Armenian music production of the last decades. Eastern Armenian is primarily spoken in Armenia and Iran, though the Iranian Armenians have their own dialect; in the United States, speakers of Eastern Armenian are primarily immigrants from the former Soviet Union who mostly arrived during the 1990s, or their children. Total migrant stock at mid-year by origin and by major area, region, country or area of destination, 1990-2019", United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, "Table 3. There are Armenians from Middle Eastern countries like Syria and Lebanon, most of whom left during the Lebanese civil war in the years 1975 to 1990.. [196] Ken Khachigian was the chief speechwriter for President Ronald Reagan. It was a very personal reaction that people were having. Zach Bogosian is the first NHL player of Armenian descent. [197] Diplomat Edward Djerejian was the US ambassador in Syria then Israel in the 1990s. This month, Nikol Pashinyan, Armenias prime minister, said Trump had promised to call him about the intensifying conflict before he became sick with COVID-19. Thousands of Armenians settled in the United States following the Hamidian massacres of the mid-1890s, the Adana Massacre of 1909, and the Armenian genocide of 19151918 in the Ottoman Empire. [11] According to official statistics, 14 Armenians immigrated to the U.S. in 1878. https://t.co/C41YKEGTyA, At the time, Trump told reporters he had just learned about the issue and was looking at the situation very strongly.. His son Dr. Edgar Housepian was a neurosurgeon, educator, and co-founder of the Fund for Armenian Relief. U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Los Angeles County, California QuickFacts Table (a) Includes persons reporting only one race (c) Economic Census - Puerto Rico data are not comparable to U.S. Economic Census data (b) Hispanics may be of any race, so also are included in applicable race categories Azeri soldiers wearing Armenian uniforms may be shot by their own troops. The resolution, which was co-sponsored by Council . Since Sept. 27, the escalating conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh has killed hundreds and displaced thousands, and Armenian Americans in Southern California have taken to the streets in protest. A naturalized citizen from Rodosto, Garabedian served aboard the blockade ships USS Geranium and USS Grand Gulf as a Third Assistant Engineer and later an officer from 1864 until his honorable discharge from the Navy in August 1865. Armenians are asking for more recognition of the issue, as the conflict in Artsakh is a real threat to families of the Armenian diaspora in L.A. Terzians family member fought on the frontlines in Artsakh as a captain and died serving his country. ", " : (1926 . Los Angeles, This fabled orchid breeder loves to chat just not about Trader Joes orchids. The next day after the overnight protest, they were able to improve.. [200], During World War II, about 18,500 Armenians served in the armed forces of the United States. The first Armenian Apostolic church in America, named Church of Our Savior, was built in 1891 in Worcester. "Armenian Americans. [60] Iranian Armenians are known for fast integration into American society;[61] for example, only 31% of Armenian Americans born in Iran claim not to speak English well. Oct. 5, 2020 4:24 PM PT. The first significant wave of immigrants arrived after escaping the Armenian genocide of 1915. But theres also a lot of internal diversity in the Armenian American population in Southern California, she said. The first wave was a result of the Armenian Genocide and the second wave was a result of tensions in the Soviet Union. You may occasionally receive promotional content from the Los Angeles Times.