To its northwest are Norway and Finland; Estonia, Latvia, Belarus, Ukraine, Lithuania and Poland (with Kaliningrad Oblast) to the west; Georgia and Azerbaijan to the southwest; Kazakhstan and Mongolia to the south; China and North Korea to the southeast. [176] Aristotle Fioravanti and other Italian architects brought Renaissance trends into Russia. In early 20th-century, Russian neoclassical revival became a trend. Compatibility Mechanical: 64 Bit (x64) [citation needed] The vast majority of Russians live in native Russia, but notable minorities are scattered throughout other post-Soviet states such as Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Ukraine, and the Baltic states. There is no official census of religion in Russia, and estimates are based on surveys only. [4] In 2010, rough population projections from Ivan Beloborodov projecting to 2030 estimated that the percentage of Russians within the population would decrease to around 70 to 60% of the total population. It condemns radicals on the left and right who undermine . Alexander Zinoviev was a prominent philosopher in the second half of the 20th century. In order to understandRussias unique location, straddling both Europe and Asia, a deep dive into the history, geography, and culture of its people is essential. [125] Vladimir Zworykin was the inventor of the iconoscope and kinescope television systems. 10:2810-Minute ListenPlaylist. Russia spans over 17,125,191 square kilometres and extends to eleven time zones. "All up you could be looking at perhaps a quarter of. [195][196] The Russian national football team reached the semi-finals of Euro 2008. Thailand has become a haven for Russian visitors who are looking to. With half of Europe and half of Asia within its boundaries, Russia will always be a dish made of both. Most Russians like China more than they like Europe or the U.S. The largest country in the world in terms of area is a land of firsts. The territories of the Grand Duchy of Moscow became the Tsardom of Russia in 1547. Russia also ownedAlaskauntil 1867 but sold it to the United States for $7.2 million. 4 Religion is significantly less important to Europeans than to Americans. In the 17th century, the Russian Tsars once again increased the nation's size to borders similar to today, spanning betweenEuropeand thePacific Ocean. CBSE Class 10 Science Paper Analysis 2023: Exam Review, Student Feedback, Question Paper, Answer Key & More, CBSE Class 12 Physics Board Exam 2023 on March 6: Check Last minute Revision Tips, Top 10 Weekly Current Affairs in Hindi: 26 04 2023- NASA , . [citation needed], Other world religions have negligible representation among ethnic Russians. [citation needed], Ethnic Russians historically migrated within the areas of the former Russian Empire and Soviet Union, though they were sometimes encouraged to re-settle in borderland areas by the Tsarist and later Soviet government. Is Russia in Asia or the European continent: Russia gained independence with the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 and expanded its territory in Asia due to imperial conquests whose historical heartland lies in Europe. From the early nineteenth century, several politically charged theories of Russian nationality were developed, among them, the ideas of a single "all-Russian nation" encompassing the East Slavic peoples, or a "triune nation" of three brotherly "Great Russian", "Little Russian", and "White Russian" peoples. Overview of the various ethnic groups of Russia, Learn how and when to remove this template message, small indigenous peoples of the North and Far East, List of extinct indigenous peoples of Russia, List of larger indigenous peoples of Russia, List of minor indigenous peoples of Russia, " 2021: , ", "The City of Kazan and Russia's Non-Slavic Future", " 1020 ? The largest of these groups are Islam with over 100,000 followers from national minorities,[189] and Baptists with over 85,000 Russian adherents. Alexander Herzen is known as one of the fathers of agrarian populism. The city is the second most populous in Europe after Istanbul. Today some consider this as a colonial expression of Russian supremacy. They are the largest Slavic nation and the largest European nation. The Saints are loveable sociopaths to be fair, who alternate between organised crime a In the following decades, reform efforts such as the Stolypin reforms of 19061914, the constitution of 1906, and the State Duma (19061917) attempted to open and liberalize the economy and political system, but the Emperors refused to relinquish autocratic rule and resisted sharing their power. Those who do not have European visas. Anthropological research has revealed several skeletons with Mongoloid-type features, additionally there was continuing cultural influence from the Eurasian nomadic steppe. As Committee of Ministers of Council of Europe noted in 2007,[7] despite some initiatives for development, the social and economic situation of numerically small indigenous peoples was affected by recent legislative amendments at the federal level, removing some positive measures as regards their access to land and other natural resources. [104], Russia's research and development budget is the world's ninth-highest, with an expenditure of approximately 422 billion rubles on domestic research and development. The top ten largest nations besides Russians included in descending order: Tatars, Chechens, Bashkirs, Chuvash, Avars, Armenians, Ukrainians, Dargins and Kazakhs. According to old Scandinavian sources among the 12 biggest cities of Kievan Rus' or Ancient Rus' were Novgorod, Kiev, Polotsk, Smolensk, Murom and Rostov. The European Investment Bank has said it could immediately increase its financing of the EU's energy transition by 15bn as the bloc continues to wean itself off Russian fossil fuels. [82] Following Pushkin's footsteps, a new generation of poets were born, including Mikhail Lermontov, Nikolay Nekrasov, Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, Fyodor Tyutchev and Afanasy Fet. Peasant revolts were common, and all were fiercely suppressed. [1] Therefore, Russia is often falsely misunderstood as a solely European nation, which negates the many groups of Asian people living in its eastern territories. [183], Russia's largest religion is ChristianityIt has the world's largest Orthodox population. [80], The first great Russian novelist was Nikolai Gogol. [179] The 18th-century taste for Rococo architecture led to the splendid works of Bartolomeo Rastrelli and his followers. [65][70], Russian is the official and the predominantly spoken language in Russia. Russian gas supplies to China alone are expected to equal those to Europe in 10 to 12 years, which will take the Russian-Chinese . The Russian word for the Russians is derived from the people of Rus' and the territory of Rus'. [180] During the reign of Catherine the Great, Saint Petersburg was transformed into an outdoor museum of Neoclassical architecture. [91][92] The beginning of the 20th century ranks as the Silver Age of Russian Poetry. The Russians burned and abandoned the city as a strong statement of solidarity with their national identity, in 1812. "Replacement Migration: Is it a solution for Russia? The lands of Rus' Khaganate and Kievan Rus' were important trade routes and connected Scandinavia, Byzantine Empire, Rus' people and Volga Bulgaria with Khazaria and Persia. But many Russians, in fact, do not fully know what is happening in Ukraine. These cities are Moscow, the nation's capital and largest city, which is the second most . [citation needed], Significant numbers of Russians emigrated to Canada, Australia and the United States. [139]:3460 During the same period, Lunokhod 1 became the first space exploration rover,[140] while Salyut1 became the world's first space station. BERLIN (Reuters) - Chess powerhouse Russia has joined the Asian Chess Federation following an ACF vote that allows Russian players to keep competing at an international level despite the war in Ukraine and the sanctions that it has prompted. This era had poets such as Alexander Blok, Anna Akhmatova, Boris Pasternak, Konstantin Balmont,[93] Marina Tsvetaeva, Vladimir Mayakovsky, and Osip Mandelshtam. It covers an area of over 3,969,100 square kilometres (1,532,500sqmi), with a population of nearly 110 millionmaking Russia the largest and most populous country in Europe. The Ural Mountains divide Russia into two parts, bisecting the Eurasian supercontinent. Finno-Ugric, Baltic and Turkic tribes were also present in the area (although large parts of the Turkic and Finno-Ugric people were absorbed by the Slavs, there are great minorities in European Russia today). [135] In 1966, Luna9 became the first spacecraft to achieve a survivable landing on a celestial body, the Moon. [172] Today, the Russian cinema industry continues to expand. [100] Peter Kropotkin was the most important theorist of anarcho-communism. [116] Zhores Alferov contributed significantly to the creation of modern heterostructure physics and electronics. [5], Although the constitution of Russia recognizes Russian as the official language, the individual republics may declare one or more official languages. [190] Others are mostly Pentecostals, Evangelicals, Seventh-day Adventists, Lutherans and Jehovah's Witnesses. From the late 9th to the mid-13th century a large section of today's European Russia was part of Kievan Rus'. For the moment, traditions of regional hospitality are holding up in Central Asian host countries that are now witnessing a second wave of Russian guests since the invasion began on February 24. The historical population of European Russia was composed of Slavic, Finnic, Germanic, Turkic, Jewish, North Caucasian, Baltic, Khazarian and Norse peoples.[2][3][4]. The Asian Chess Federation formally adopted the Chess Federation of Russia into its ranks at a meeting of its General Assembly in Abu Dhabi on Tuesday. Although most of Russia's landmass is in Asia, much of the Russian population lives in the European part of the country. The chess world, like many other sports, has been in turmoil since Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Today, Russia is a diverse country in which the customs and traditions of both Europe and Asia thrive. This ignores the fact that geographically speaking, more than 77 percent of the Russian population lives on the European continent, making it the most populous country in Europe. [95] Nikolay Ostrovsky's novel How the Steel Was Tempered has been among the most successful works of Russian literature. The European side of Russia is home to over 75% of the Russian people, with only 25% living in the Asian part of the country. [141] Russia had 176 active satellites in space in 2021,[142] the world's third-highest. [132]:67,333, In 1957, the first Earth-orbiting artificial satellite, Sputnik1, was launched. After the Mongol invasion the Muscovite Rus' arose, over all this time, western Russia and the various Rus' regions had strong cultural contacts with the Byzantine Empire, while the Slavic culture was cultivated all the time. More than three-quarters of the countrys population is Russian by ethnicity. When it's about the political borders we are pretty often on our own. [81] Romanticism permitted a flowering of poetic talent: Vasily Zhukovsky and later his protg Alexander Pushkin came to the fore. Other groups like the Tatars, Bashkirs, Chuvash, and Chechens are ethnic minorities. [197] Russia was the host nation for the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup,[198] and the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Russian athletes have been banned from many sports and largely cannot compete in Europe. The Russians (Russian: , romanized:russkie) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe, who share a common Russian ancestry, culture, and history. Expressions of Russian culture are typically found in diverse literature, ballet, painting, and classical music. "Racism here isn't so much against black people. However, it is placed in the European continent following the United Nations classification. Influential migr writers include Vladimir Nabokov,[96] and Isaac Asimov; who was considered one of the "Big Three" science fiction writers. Russia's chess federation has completed its historic switch to Asia in a move branded by the European Chess Union as a "shameful day" for the game. Russians themselves argue about where they belong; some claim they have a very special identity which is non-European, non-Asian - but rather a specific mix. At the same time, the long-standing identification of the Northern Russian and Southern Russian ethnographic groups by ethnologists was confirmed. In the remote - and struggling - republic of Buryatia, a mix of Cossacks and Mongols, Orthodox Christian exiles and . According to the population census at the end of 2021, more than 147.1 million people lived in Russia, which is 4.3 million more than in the 2010 census, or 3.03%. Go home": A Revival of Neo-Paganism between the Baltic Sea and Transcaucasia, "Classics: Soviet Union vs Netherlands, 1988", "Sporting-CSKA Moskva: watch their 2005 final", "How a brilliant Zenit Saint Petersburg lifted the UEFA Cup in 2008", "Euro 2008: Russia v Spain as it happened", "2018 FIFA Confederations Cup Russia 2017", "Russians on Ice: A Brief Overview of Soviet and Russian Hockey", "How Soviet hockey ruled the world and then fell apart", "Bandy: A concise history of the extreme sport", "EuroBasket 2007 final: September 16, 2007", "All-time Summer Olympics medals table 1896-2016", "Russian mastery in synchronized swimming yields double gold", "Figure skating is on thin ice. Russia isn't just the cathedral-and-Kremlin society pictured by the West. A comprehensive full genome study by Triska et al. UEFA's ban of Russian teams from its competitions, including the Champions League and Europa League, has led to speculation that Moscow might look east and try to join the Asian Football . [119] lie Metchnikoff is known for his groundbreaking research in immunology. [161], Russian and later Soviet cinema was a hotbed of invention, resulting in world-renowned films such as The Battleship Potemkin. This website follows the DNPA's code of conduct, NEET Application Form 2023 Expected To Release Tomorrow, Know Steps To Apply Here, Today in History, 4 March: What Happened on this Day. Only three of Russia's largest cities, Novosibirsk, Omsk, and Samara, are in Asian territory. From the point of view of Russian mentality, religion and customs, there is no doubt that the Russian civilization belongs to Europe. Russia's ethnic diversity often surprises. In the 1930s, Socialist realism became the predominant trend in Russia. Lastly, during communication repeating one's self to a Russian will make you appear untrustworthy. (Turkish)", "Immigrant and Emigrant Populations by Country of Origin and Destination", Informatii utile | Agentia Nationala pentru Intreprinderi Mici si Mijlocii, "(number of foreigners in the Czech Republic)", " , ", Total population by regions and ethnicity, "Utrikes fdda efter fdelseland, kn och r", "SODB2021 - Obyvatelia - Zkladn vsledky", " ", "Two sources of the Russian patrilineal heritage in their Eurasian context", "The Russian Diaspora in the Baltic States: The Trojan Horse that never was", Saving the souls of Russia's exiled Lipovans, "Usage statistics of content languages for websites", "What Makes the Russian Literature of the 19th Century So Distinctive? [210] The 1980 Summer Olympic Games were held in Moscow,[211] and the 2014 Winter Olympics and the 2014 Winter Paralympics were hosted in Sochi. However, this does not mean the northern Russians origin from the Balts or the Poles, more likely, that all the peoples of the Nordic gene pool are descendants of Paleo-European population, which has remained around Baltic Sea. Here's a brief explainer on the same. It is geographically situated in Europe, as opposed to the country's sparsely populated and vastly larger eastern part, which is situated in Asia, encompassing the entire northern region of the continent. [6], Through trade and cultural contact with Byzantine Empire, the Slavic culture of the Rus' adopted gradually the Eastern Orthodox religion. Maria Sharapova doesn't strike me as Asian, for example, and neither does Fedor Emelianenko or my dean of CS in college named Boris. Asia and Africa Although they were in question going back to the time of Greco-Roman geography, the boundaries between Asia and Africa have been settled. [105] In 2019, Russia was ranked tenth worldwide in the number of scientific publications. During the population census, citizens report their nationality not only by their genetic data, but by their self-determination, inner sense of who a person is by nationality. [107] Since 1904, Nobel Prize were awarded to twenty-six Soviets and Russians in physics, chemistry, medicine, economy, literature and peace. TheUral Mountainsand theUral River are the definitive boundaries between the Asian and European continents. [citation needed], A combination of economic breakdown, war-weariness, and discontent with the autocratic system of government triggered revolution in Russia in 1917. [7] The elements of East Slavic paganism and Christianity overlapped each other and sometimes produced even double faith in Muscovite Rus'.[8]. Many sources say that Ryazan, Kolomna, Moscow, Vladimir and Kiev were destroyed by the Mongol Empire. [65][70], Consequently, the already existing biologo-genetic studies have made all hypotheses about the mixing of the Russians with non-Slavic ethnic groups or their "non-Slavism" obsolete or pseudoscientific. Thus, it is as if a somewhat narrow, populous strip stretches from the Ural Mountains to the country's east coast. Many of these subjects have at least twoRussian and the language of the "eponymous" nationality. In the 19th century, for example, following a disastrous defeat in the Crimean War (1853-56) against Britain and France, Russian intellectuals began to think over . "Russian men and women identify themselves with white European colonisers. In 882 Prince Oleg of Novgorod seized Kiev, thereby uniting the northern and southern lands of the Eastern Slavs under one authority. [103] Vladimir Lenin, a major revolutionary, developed a variant of communism known as Leninism. One is "" (russkie), which in modern Russia most often means "ethnic Russians". The Emperor Alexander II abolished Russian serfdom in 1861, but the peasants fared poorly and revolutionary pressures grew. ", Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies, Journal of the American Academy of Religion, "A Math Problem Solver Declines a $1 Million Prize", "Highest Honor in Mathematics Is Refused", "Who Invented Radio: Guglielmo Marconi or Aleksandr Popov? The U.S., alongside European nations like Germany and France, have cut Russia off from international payment system SWIFT, choked off Russia's access to its $630 billion trove of foreign. Chess powerhouse Russia has joined the Asian Chess Federation (ACF) following a vote which allows Russian players to keep competing at an international level. [50] There are two Russian words which are commonly translated into English as "Russians". It also shares borders with the two partially recognized breakaway states of South Ossetia and Abkhazia. European countries have sought to reduce their dependence on Russian gas An oil price cap approved by Western allies in December also aims to prevent Russia getting more than $60 (48) for a. TheBritish Empirecovered 13.71 million square miles, and theMongol Empire9.27 million square miles at their peak, beating Russia by a significant margin (although, Soviet Russias landmass did cover an astonishing 8.80 million square miles). Outside the North and South Poles, it is the only country in the world to have recorded the lowest temperature. The 26 countries making up the Schengen free movement area -- 22 EU states, Norway, Iceland, Sweden and Liechtenstein -- received 3 million visa applications in . [118] Vladimir Vernadsky is considered one of the founders of geochemistry, biogeochemistry, and radiogeology. [143], Until the 18th-century, music in Russia consisted mainly of church music and folk songs and dances. Interestingly, Yekaterinburg and Chelyabinsk, lie roughly on the Europe-Asia border in the Ural Mountains while Novosibirsk, Omsk, and Samara lie in Asian territory. And they are right. Montenegro is a member of NATO. As can be seen from genetic resources, the contemporary Northern Russians also are genetically close of all Slavic peoples only to the Poles and similar to the Balts. [citation needed] The common view of East Slavs today is of separate Belarusian, Russian, and Ukrainian nations. Ignorance of history misleads them into some delusion of superiority. But not Gen Z. Attitudes vary by age, gender and politics and especially by how people feel about Putin Analysis by Michal. Russia, as the largest country in the world, has great ethnic diversity, is a multinational state, and is home to over 190 ethnic groups nationwide. Most Russians we see look like Europeans. A large Russian diaspora (sometimes including Russian-speaking non-Russians), estimated at around 25 million people,[49] has developed all over the world, with notable numbers in the United States, Germany, Brazil, and Canada. The annual Formula One Russian Grand Prix is held at the Sochi Autodrom in the Sochi Olympic Park. [94] Mikhail Bulgakov was one of the leading writers of the Soviet era. Efter Omrde, Bakgrundsland, Kn, r och Uppgifter", "Poblacin extranjera por Nacionalidad, comunidades, Sexo y Ao", " | 12/02/2009 | .., "" 4 /19/, 2009 ", "Trkiye'deki Rus Says Belli Oldu. [citation needed], The 1960s and 1970s saw a greater variety of artistic styles in Soviet cinema. [87] In the second half of the century Anton Chekhov excelled in short stories and became a leading dramatist. Conversely, Russia's liberal opposition talks up the European - as opposed to "Asian" or "Soviet-esque" - path for Russia. Many white migrs were participants in the White movement, although the term is broadly applied to anyone who may have left the country due to a change in regime. Many countries have made the mistake of believing that Russias size is also its weakness, which in theory would allow many vulnerabilities during times of war. [206] Russia is the leading nation in rhythmic gymnastics; and Russian synchronized swimming is considered to be the world's best. [112] Nine Soviet/Russian mathematicians have been awarded with the Fields Medal. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, only Finns and Russians are currently allowed onboard, and although tickets are not terribly expensivethey range from $43 to $175 for the 3.5 hour trip the trip . The state adopted Christianity from the Byzantine Empire in 988, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Orthodox Slavic culture for the next millennium. Yet ethnic Russians are only one of the many ethnic groups in the Russian Federation. In 1922, Soviet Russia, along with Soviet Ukraine, Soviet Belarus, and the Transcaucasian SFSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR, officially merging all four republics to form the Soviet Union as a country. This includes Russia's most populous city, Moscow, which is still the country's capital. A big mistake in the Russian culture is to repeat the words "I'm sorry" or "thank you" (Deborsi, 2012). [8], 1989 ethnic map of Russia showing the largest ethnic group of each region or Republic; with brown as Russians, green as Turkic peoples, Largest ethnic group apart from Russians: yellow Ukrainians, lawn green Tatars, green Kazakhs, orange Armenians, blue Buryats, gray-blue Germans, pink Koreans, The largest two ethnic groups, excluding Russians, in each region (Census 2010). By AFP. The state now extended from the eastern borders of the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth to the Pacific Ocean, and became a great power; and one of the most powerful states in Europe after the victory over Napoleon. [166] Dziga Vertov's "Kino-Eye" theory had a huge impact on the development of documentary filmmaking and cinema realism. US Secretary of State Antony Blinken arrived in Central Asia Tuesday (28 February) to meet officials from all five former Soviet republics following the first anniversary of Russia's invasion of . Although most of Russia's landmass is in Asia, much of the Russian population lives in the European part of the country. European Russia accounts for about 75% of Russia's total population. [167] Many Soviet socialist realism films were artistically successful, including Chapaev, The Cranes Are Flying, and Ballad of a Soldier. Most Russian re-settlement occurred in Ukraine (about 8 million), Kazakhstan (about 3.8 million), and Belarus (about 785,000), followed by the Baltic States (primarily including 520,000 in Latvia), Uzbekistan (about 650,000) and Kyrgyzstan (about 419,000). Recent events of the modern era have shown the current Russian administration to be expansionist in their efforts to annex territories from neighboring sovereign countries; this instability provides a perfect justification for learning about Russia's widespread dominion. It houses the world's deepest lake, Baikal; Europes longest river and largest lake, the Volga and Ladoga respectively. Russia is a transcontinental nation that stretches over eastern Europe and northern Asia. [133] In 1965, Alexei Leonov became the first human to conduct a spacewalk, exiting the space capsule during Voskhod 2. For all citizens of Russia, regardless of ethnicity, see, For a discussion of the origins of Slavs, see, Prokhorova, Elena, "The Man Who Made Them Laugh: Leonid Gaidai, the King of Soviet Comedy", in Beumers, Birgit (2008). Many of these Russians moved back to the Soviet Union after World War II. [137] In 1970, Venera7 became the first spacecraft to land on another planet, Venus. [98], Russian philosophy has been greatly influential. [72] It is the most spoken native language in Europe,[73] the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia,[74] as well as the world's most widely spoken Slavic language. [citation needed], After the 13th century, Moscow became a political and cultural center. These communities identify themselves to varying degrees as Russians, citizens of these countries, or both. Around 77% of the people of the country reside in the territory that is part of Europe, including the capital city Moscow. This search usually follows geopolitical shifts to Russia's disadvantage. Key reasons behind the Russia-Ukraine conflict. [1] European Russia counts for about 15% of Europes total population. People from diverse cultural and traditional backgrounds reside in the world's largest country. Russians may belong in the West, but they are Westerners with an emotional bent. Another is "" (rossiyane), which denotes "Russian citizens", regardless of ethnicity or religious affiliation. Those wishing to leave from the European side of the country are crossing the land border to Finland or the Baltic states (Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania). The Republic of Belarus statistical bulletin", "Pastvgo iedzvotju etniskais sastvs reionos un republikas pilsts gada skum", "Population by Sex, Ethnic Nationality and County, 1 January. Administrative Division as at 01.01.2018", "Los rusos en Argentina constituyen la mayor comunidad de Latinoamrica Edicin Impresa Informacin General", "La communaut russe en France est "clectique", " : | .", "Gyventoj pagal tautyb dalis, palyginti su bendru nuolatini gyventoj skaiiumi", "The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan", "Befolkning 31.12. [175] Following the Christianization of Kievan Rus', for several centuries it was influenced predominantly by the Byzantine Empire. Key reasons behind the Russia-Ukraine conflict. [84] Fyodor Dostoevsky and Leo Tolstoy soon became internationally renowned. All three federal cities of Russia lie within European Russia. It also produced some first-rate novelists and short-story writers, such as Aleksandr Kuprin, Nobel Prize winner Ivan Bunin, Leonid Andreyev, Yevgeny Zamyatin, Dmitry Merezhkovsky and Andrei Bely. "We. Read | Explained: What is the conflict between Russia and Ukraine? The Republic of Kalmykia is a region surrounded by barren flatlands and located between the southern provinces, where ethnic tensions have caused decades of armed conflict, the Caspian Sea, and the rest of Russia. European Russia is the densest region of Russia, with a population density of 27.5 people per km2 (70 per sq mi). [127] George Gamow was one of the foremost advocates of the Big Bang theory. Among the best known are violinists David Oistrakh and Gidon Kremer,[146][147] cellist Mstislav Rostropovich,[148] pianists Vladimir Horowitz,[149] Sviatoslav Richter,[150] and Emil Gilels,[151] and vocalist Galina Vishnevskaya. After the fall of the Soviet Union, Russia passed legislation to protect rights of these small northern indigenous peoples. This expansion by force, up until the 19th century, is fresh on the minds of groups forced to migrate into theOttoman Empire, such as the people ofCircassia. [209] Chess is also a widely popular pastime in the nation, with many of the world's top chess players being Russian for decades. [65][67], The Northern Russians, according to mDNA, Y chromosome and autosomal marker CCR5de132, are included in the "North European" gene cluster (the Poles, the Balts, Germanic and Baltic Finnic peoples). In 1963, Valentina Tereshkova became the first and youngest woman in space, having flown a solo mission on Vostok 6. Matenov said that "since the beginning of the war in Ukraine, there has been a lot of resistance among the Asian peoples of Russia.