throwing spear atlatl

These atlatls are easy to use, and also durable (well-suited for accidentally getting tossed to the ground). These atlatls are specially designed for the needs of the hunter or spear fisherman. [30] Another theory is that they were "arrow-straighteners". The estlica is best known archaeologically from Nazca culture and the Inca civilization, but the earliest examples are known from associations with Chinchorro mummies. Inexpensive.Great for beginners. I'm a tactical guy that's a concealed carrier and been obsessed with firearms, gadgets, and self-defense since my teenage years. Nanticoke, Hiawatha, INEXPENSIVE Grasp the atlatl in your throwing hand with the back end of the dart placed to the rear of the atlatl. 2023 Three Rivers Archery Supply, Inc. Three Rivers Archery Supply, Inc. All Rights Reserved. [citation needed], Estlicas are depicted along with maces, clubs, and shields on Moche vessels that illustrate warfare. Hold the Atlatl in your throwing hand with the notch turned upward at the other end. 41 $79.99 $79.99. FREE delivery Fri, Jan 13 . Highly flexible and finely-crafted wooden atlatl. We have paid close attention to dart placement relative to the handgrip so that the atlatlist will have maximum power. Joseph Bennington-Castro is a Hawaii-based contributing writer for Live Science and Space.com. By carving correctly, you can make the spear have a sharper or duller tip. The amentum gives not only range, but also spin to the projectile.[16]. The earliest known spear-thrower of the South Americas had a proximal handle piece and is commonly referred to as an estlica in Spanish references to indigenous Andean culture[citation needed]. I know a lot of guys shooting traditional bows that can't do that consistently. Bian Jian (Chinese: , lit. Because of this, you will want to find an empty field or otherwise empty area to use it. [14] At present there is no evidence for the use of atlatls in Africa. We miss our loyal helper. Think of throwing a spear far, but with an atlatl, you can throw one very far. Ask the experts: 260.587.9501 | Customer Service, Call Us: 260.587.9501 | Customer Service. The new study has implications for scientists' understanding of the way Paleo-Indians lived, researchers say. This atlatl takes advantage of the flexibility of bamboo to provide a natural spring release system. Throwers using modern materials as well as authentic reproductions compete for accuracy in Primitive and Open classes. The thrower holds the atlatl handle in the palm of her hand and pinches the dart shaft with her fingers. We have several budget-friendly atlatls in the $30 $50, and most of these are also available as easy-to-assemble kits (just $35). Pinch down the end of the spear with your throwing hands fingers to the Atlatl if you have to. December 21, 2022; Holiday Shipping Schedule! The Atlatl: 17,000 Year Old Hunting Technology. The Osceola comes with an atlatl weight attached. The World Atlatl Association sponsors the International Standard Accuracy Contest (ISAC), a competition of atlatl skill held in small venues all over the world; they hold workshops so if you'd like to learn how to throw with an atlatl, that's where to start. Though debate over their function continues, tests with replicas have found them, when used with a cord, very effective aids to spear or dart throwing. Every box we ship over three feet long gets an oversize fee of a minimum of $15 before shipping costs are added. Premium design suited for hunting and target shooting. Although not yet field tested for the purpose we believe this atlatl could be shot in outer space. A spear-thrower, spear-throwing lever or atlatl (pronounced /tltl/[1] or /tltl/;[2] Nahuatl ahtlatl [atat]) is a tool that uses leverage to achieve greater velocity in dart or javelin-throwing, and includes a bearing surface which allows the user to store energy during the throw. It should not be confused with another Bian Jian (). Laet, Sigfried J. de & International Commission for the New Edition of the History of the Scientific and Cultural Development of Mankind & International Commission for a History of the Scientific and Cultural Development of Mankind. It is getting pretty hectic at the Thunderbird Atlatl shop but we have a great staff of elves working here! It may be much older. Good for individuals with small hands. [21], Among the Tlingit of Southeast Alaska, approximately one dozen very old elaborately carved specimens they call "shee an" (sitting on a branch) remain in museum collections[22] and private collections, one having sold at auction for more than $100,000. We hope you enjoy and even submit a trophy of your own, or leave a comment on a post. We are working up some other special offers as the season continues. Researchers have long thought that Paleo-Indians including the people of the Clovis culture, who lived around 13,000 years ago and are consideredone of thefirst Americanpeoples also hunted with spear-throwers. Follow these steps to make a wooden Atlatl Spear. In this short video, Bob Berg shows why using an atlatl is an improvement over throwing spears with your bare hand. [17] The estlica is also known from Moche culture, including detailed respresentations on painted pottery, and in representations on textiles of the Wari culture[18], The Andean estlica had a wooden body with a hook that was made of stone or metal. Tipped with obsidian, fish bones, or copper heads. The Catatonk Hunter Atlatl is ergonomically designed for hunting or fishing. Speed & Penetration: Atlatl vs. Hand Thrown Dart, Bannerstones And How They Relate To The Atlatl. understanding of the way Paleo-Indians lived, In Photos: The Clovis Culture & Stone Tools. This allowed for more forgiving flint knapping: dart heads designed for a particular spear thrower tend to differ in mass by only a few percent. At her feet was a group of twenty-three atlatls with handle pieces that depicted birds. So, if youve ever wondered how your ancestors made the most out of using the least, try making an Atlatl. A spear launched with an Atlatl can reach speeds in excess of 60 miles per hour and distances of 20 to 300 yards. We are shipping most of the orders through UPS ground or the post office via priority mail. You grip it the same you would be holding a baton. 4.7 4.7 out of 5 stars (1,020) $72.41 $ 72. If you are a dog owner, you may have even used a modern spearthrower known as the Chuckit.". We are happy to mail out your gift certificate if you prefer that type of delivery. 'Whip arrow') is a unique spear-thrower that was used during Song period. Another important improvement to the spear-thrower's design was the introduction of a small weight (between 60 and 80grams) strapped to its midsection. The Wyalusing is the signature Thunderbird Atlatl, known for its beautiful sculpted design and clean lines. The American scientific name for the spearthrower is from the Aztec language, Nahuatl. Thunderbird Atlatl. The atlatl is an ancient weapon predating the bow and arrow. Simplicity works. Canandaigua NICEST DESIGN ("Wall Hangers") These atlatls are works of art that look great on display. An atlatl is a spear throwing device/lever. Get ready for the holidays! The Faustian Bargain of Technological Change: Evaluating the Socioeconomic Effects of the Bow and Arrow Transition in the Coast Salish Past. Throwing with an atlatl is similar to throwing a baseball. Used for both target shooting and hunting this outstanding atlatl has scored high in the ISAC contests over the last few years. They are called atlatls, because that's what the Aztecs were calling them when the Spanish arrived. It may consist of a shaft with a cup or a spur at the end that supports and propels the butt of the spear. Archaeologists began to recognize atlatls in the late 19th century. The spear, of course, should be straighter and narrower than the thrower. Thunderbird Atlatl Updating Shop; Order Early for Holidays! Spear-throwers appear very early in human history in several parts of the world, and have survived in use in traditional societies until the present day, as well as being revived in recent years for sporting purposes. The Otsiningo is an atlatl designed for big game hunting where seven-foot long darts are used. Method 1 Using a Hook-Shaped Branch Download Article 1 Find a straight branch with a hook shape on the end of it. In the Andes, the tips of darts were often capped with metal. Simply put, archaeologists do not know how old the technology is. The Atlatl greatly improved spear-throwing speeds and distances. The atlatl is an ancient weapon predating the bow and arrow. She routinely is in the shop; making sure we are getting our jobs done. 99. . Atlatl - Spear Throwing - March 11th Canceled 2:00p to 3:00p Sat, March 05, 2022. It is usually about five to twenty-four inches long and about one to three inches wide. It requires two operators unlike other spear-throwers. Hand-Drill Fire Kits Bow Strings Sinew Bow String HuntTraditional Finger Tabs Arm Guards Simple Finger Tabs This week Ryan Gill (primitive hunting extraordinaire) teaches Clay Hayes how to throw an Atlatl spear thrower. Over the busy holiday weekend through Monday, November 28, take some time and check out some of new items in our online catalog. Spear throwers are a significant technological improvement on simply throwing or thrusting a spear, in terms of safety, speed, distance, and accuracy. Happy Thanksgiving! In 2009, the Fourteenth Annual Open Atlatl Championship was held on Saturday and Sunday, September 19 and 20. Link to no voiceover: https://youtu.be/iWruBSTBtKsAndy Rawls - In this video I'm attempting to build a spear thrower or otherwise known as an atlalt. The atlatl increases the throwing lever of the arm, and this extra length increases the . The flipping motion of the thrower's elbow and shoulder in effect adds a joint to the throwers arm. The Wyalusing has been refined through years of extensive experimentation, both on the target range and while hunting. Use the coupon code SAVE10 and save $10 on orders over $100 through Friday, December 9. 2023 Three Rivers Archery Supply, Inc. Three Rivers Archery Supply, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 3.3 3.3 out of 5 stars (4) $19.99 $ 19. The very earliest atlatl found to date is a simple antler hook dated to the Solutrean period (about 17,500 years ago), recovered from the site of Combe Sauniere. By the Iron Age, the amentum, a strap attached to the shaft, was the standard European mechanism for throwing lighter javelins. Current models of Paleo-Indian society are based on the assumption that hunters sometimes used spear-throwers, or atlatls, said study author Karl Hutchings, an archaeologist at Thompson Rivers University in Canada. [33] Colleges reported to field teams in this event include Grinnell College in Iowa, Franklin Pierce University in New Hampshire, Alfred University in New York, and the University of Vermont. Made and distributed since 1993, this has been a best seller among premium atlatls. Kanakadea, Wappasening, Canandaigua, PADDLE GRIP By using the leverage, the atlatl multiplies . The spearthrower is believed to have been in use by Homo sapiens since the Upper Paleolithic (around 30,000 years ago). As with baseball, the snap of the wrist at the end imparts much of the velocity, and the longer the atlatl, the longer the distance (although there is an upper limit). We are busy packing so please order early so we can get your orders out quickly! It has a knuckled handgrip for better control and a tropical hardwood button tine inserted and cemented into the head of the atlatl. The atlatl stays level and the dart on target throughout the motion. Check out our Free22Shipping coupon! In this post, we explore all the details about this great ancient weapon revealing all the forgotten facts that are worth knowing. Thunderbird Atlatl makes a wide variety of different atlatls. In this video, Bob Berg talks about how to choose the atlatl that best fits your needs. More natural in shape than the Nanticoke, the split shafts are hand scraped and well sanded following the natural flow of the grain. For more information: Meet at the Chaparral Pavilion; Event starts at 3 PM; Bring water, closed toe shoes, and sunscreen; Open to adults and children- Kids must be 7 and over The Atlatl gives you the ability to throw as if you had another joint in your arm. An atlatl may possess a shaft with a spur or cup at the end. This extra length allows the thrower to impart force to the dart over a longer distance, thus imparting more energy and higher speeds. Watch the video below for more information about our kits. The earliest known example is a 17,500-year-old Solutrean atlatl made of reindeer antler, found at Combe Saunire (Dordogne), France. An atlatl (pronounced atul-atul or aht-LAH-tul) is the name used primarily by American scholars for a spear thrower, a hunting tool that was invented at least as long ago as the Upper Paleolithic period in Europe. Atlatl (1 - 40 of 265 results) Price ($) Shipping Atlatl Madness Dart Shaft Atlatlmadness (32) $14.00 Catatonk Atlatl with three atlatl darts ThunderbirdAtlatl (111) $125.00 FREE shipping All Natural 2 Piece Takedown Atlatl Darts LivingSkills (68) $54.53 Atlatl Dart, Practice - Take Down (3 Pieces) PrimitiveHandCrafts (36) $25.00 Atlatl You will have to experiment and find what works best for you. Equipped with their uniquely grooved atlatl, they could hurl their long darts from a great distance with accuracy, speed, and such deadly force that these easily pierced through the protective armor of the Portuguese or any other enemy. [10] Whittaker said the Aztecs started their battles with atlatl darts followed with melee combat using the macuahuitl. This atlatl is also available as a kit that you can finish yourself. Here you will find a gathering of traditional archery stories, tips and techniques, trophy animals taken with traditional bows, and plenty more. It is easier to aim the dart because it remains straighter. This atlatl is similar to the Wyalusing, but it is designed to carry the weight of long hunting darts with a heavy point, which would normally be flexed by its own weight. Using this method, which he developed in the late 1990s, Hutchings determined the fracture velocities for 55 out of 668 Paleo-Indian artifacts that he examined. Well-polished, it was shaped with a semi-circular outer half and had a deep groove hollowed out to receive the end of the javelin, which could be engaged by a horizontal wooden peg or spur lashed with a cotton thread to the proximal and narrower end of the throwing board, where a few scarlet parrot feathers were tied for decoration. Atlatl Dart Velocity: Accurate Measurements and Implications for Paleoindian and Archaic Archaeology. And he says when he's been practicing a lot that will shrink to about half that size. [In Photos: The Clovis Culture & Stone Tools]. In the U.S., the Pennsylvania Game Commission has given preliminary approval for legalization of the atlatl for hunting certain animals. [34], Atlatls are sometimes used in modern times for hunting. In this video, Bob Berg talks about the different kits available from Thunderbird Atlatl. Several Amazonian tribes also used the atlatl for fishing and hunting. By measuring topographic features on the fracture surface, you can calculate the "fracture velocity" of the impact, or how quickly the fractures spread through the material, Hutchings explained. Follow through is vital to gain consistency. After aiming at your target, lead with your opposite leg putting all your weight in a dropping movement forward. We're uploading a new video each week that features one of the following topics: archery, bow hunting, bow building, survival skills, bushcraft, self reliance, primitive skills, primitive bows, hunting, camping, fishing, and a lot more!Big thanks to our partners who help support these videos!https://www.3riversarchery.com/https://seekoutside.com/dst-tarp/?utm_twistedstavehttps://www.vortexoptics.comYou can also connect with me on my other media outlets!Website: https://www.twistedstave.com/Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/clayhayeshunter/Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/clayhayeshunter/Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/clayhayes Ever wanted to learn the basics of Atlatl spear throwing? How do you pronounce Atlatl? This is crucial. The stone points used on a thrust or hand-thrown spear are larger and heavier than those used on an atlatl, but that's a relative measure and a sharpened end will work as well. Arrowheads and Other Points: Myths and Little Known Facts, Ancient Hunting: Subsistence Strategies Before Agriculture, Prehistoric Stone Tools Categories and Terms, Macuahuitl: The Wooden Sword of Aztec Warriors, Folsom Culture and Their Projectile Points. Features Paddle Grip provides more leverage and allows for lower impact throwing. The Paddle Grip allows the atlatlist throw with the wrist facing the target, gaining more leverage. Prepare With The Winter Survival Guide, Prepper Projects To Perfect Your Prepping, Join The Best Online Survival Communities For Prepping Support, The Best Survival eBooks To Prepare For The Next Crisis. [5] Live Science is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. Thanks22 Coupon! Unfortunately for the Spanish, the Europeans had forgotten how to use them. We can also follow up with a paper gift certificate mailed to your recipient. The Atlatl (pronounced at-latal or atal-atal) is becoming more popular each year with archers looking for a new challenge. Hirst, K. Kris. Sedentism, Community-Building, Began 12,000 Years Ago, Portable Art From Upper Paleolithic Period, A Beginner's Guide to the Paleolithic Period or Stone Age, Mousterian: A Middle Stone Age Technology That May Be Outmoded, Stone Boiling - The History of the Ancient Cooking Method, Armor and Weapons of the Spanish Conquistadors, History of Animal and Plant Domestication. We can ship Priority Mail Express through December 22 for an extra charge. Atlatls give additional velocity and thrust compared to spear-throwing, and they allow the hunter to stand farther away from the prey. Scholars have been unable to find that adding the weight of a banner stone does anything to the velocity or thrust of the operation. On the Friday before the Championship, a workshop was held to teach modern and traditional techniques of atlatl and dart construction, flint knapping, hafting stone points, and cordage making. By swinging the spear-thrower overhead and forward, hunters could launch their darts with greater force than if they were to throw them like javelins. Is there a Solutrean-Clovis Connection in the American Colonization? Two or three feathers on the spear will do. In a paddle grip, the wrist is rotated so the palm or the hand faces up in the launching position and faces down to the ground after follow through. The Kanakadea is an easy to use atlatl, specially designed for beginners. Make sure you are not near any animals, children, or other people in general. The wooden part of the handle is made from exotic hardwood or curly domestic wood. Atlatl events commonly include the International Standard Accuracy Competition (ISAC), in which contestants throw ten times at a bull's-eye target. In 1521, the Spanish conquest of the Aztec peoples by Hernan Cortes had finished, but not without extensive use of the Atlatl by the Aztecs as a combat tool against the Spanish forces. K. Kris Hirst is an archaeologist with 30 years of field experience. We had a great time with Kent State students and staff with a research project involving stone and copper projectile hafted on atlatl darts.Stone Points on darts for testingCopper Points on darts for testing We appreciated the help of students using atlatls to cast many darts for research on what turned out to be a rather rainy day. ThoughtCo, Aug. 28, 2020, thoughtco.com/what-is-an-atlatl-169989. Stodiek, U. Gift Certificates Available for last minute Atlatl Shopping! In other words, if you hold up the branch lengthwise and it looks like a shallow hill, carve the notch at the base of the hill at the end of the stick. Kanakadea, Catatonk, Catatonk Hunter, Nanticoke, Wyalusing, Y REST ATLATLS This atlatl uses technology thousands of years old to make one of the fastest spring release systems known to man. Then, using your other arm, fit the feathered end of the spear into the notch. Gift Certificates Available for last minute Atlatl Shopping! History suggests that mastodons were hunted using these primitive weapons. By resting the spear in the Atlatl, pulling the throwing arm back, and then releasing the spear, the Atlatl acts as a lever and an extension of the throwing arm. Kanakadea, Catatonk, HUNTING OR FISHING Our shop is ready to handle this last busy week as we head to the end or the year. Unfortunately, shipping has dramatically increased over the last year as shippers face increasing fuel costs and payroll costs. Time to buy atlatl gifts for the holidays! [35] The animals that would be allowed to atlatl hunters have yet to be determined, but particular consideration has been given to deer. Future US, Inc. Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, Improvements made to spears' edge made it more efficient as well. During the Ice Age, the atlatl was used by humans to hunt Megafauna. We would be happy to put your name on one of these boxes!We are fortunate to have Molly keeping a watchful eye on our staff. It not only supports but also propels the ending tip of the . No rest cradle the dart between your fingers. Available with or without leather loops. This method should be similar to a pitcher throwing a fastball using many of the same mechanics. The earliest known evidence of Paleo-Indian spear-throwers comes from 11,000-year-old "bannerstones," which are stone objects that may have functioned as atlatl weights, though the true function of bannerstones is debated, Hutchings said. https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-an-atlatl-169989 (accessed March 4, 2023). Then grip the Atlatl with the spear holding the spear at eye level. The Canecaude cave site deposits dated to about 14,200 years ago contained a small atlatl (8 cm, or 3 in) carved in the shape of a mammoth. These theatrical estlicas are different from normal weapons. [citation needed], Based on previous work done by William S. Webb, William R. Perkins[8] claims that spear-thrower weights, commonly called "bannerstones", and characterized by a centered hole in a symmetrically shaped carved or ground stone, shaped wide and flat with a drilled hole and thus a little like a large wingnut, are an improvement to the design that created a silencing effect when swung. Estlica and atlatl are therefore synonymous terms. These are shorter, normally less than one foot long, and made of antler, with a hole drilled through them. For hunters, you can hold your darts at the ready for greater lengths of time without hand strain. Arrow points commonly had the same appearance as these Andean tips[citation needed]. Similar to bows, atlatls can propel flexible, pointed shafts called darts, rather than arrows at high speeds across long distances. Economical, because of its simple design, this atlatl nonetheless meets the standards of craftsmanship of our premium atlatl, making it a good value. This use has subsided in recent years, but the Atlatl can still easily be made for distance competitions and archaeological field testing. Subscribe: http://bit.ly/NatGeoSubscribe Watch all clips of Live F. Catatonk Hunter, Wyalusing, Otsiningo, MOST TRADITIONAL / AUTHENTIC In the mid Holocene,[27] Aboriginal people in Australia developed spear-throwers, known as woomeras. The length of a common estlica was about 50 cm. If you are ready to order before the holiday rush, we are offering a 10 percent coupon discount for orders of $100 or more through midnight Monday, Nov. 28. The woomera design is distinctly different from most other spear-throwers, in that it has a curved, hollow shape, which allows for it to be used for other purposes (in some cases) such as carrying food. The spear is much longer than the thrower. Highly flexible yet very strong, this atlatl has an excellent feel. It is built for maximum speed, without giving up any shooting stability. Yup'ik Eskimo hunters still use the atlatl, known locally as "nuqaq" (nook-ak), in villages near the mouth of the Yukon River for seal hunting. Then let your other hand go, and launch the spear using the Atlatl from your throwing hand. Concerning the Atlatl and the Bow: Further Observations Regarding Arrow and Dart Points in the Archaeological Record. Hold the dart in place using your thumb and index finger. . If you prefer a more traditional design or wanting a little more hands-on approach, you may want to look at a wood atlatl kit and darts. Zachary Riggs (817) 776-3924. zachary.riggs@tpwd.texas.gov. The user can hold the spear, with the index and thumb, with the same hand as the thrower, with the other fingers. If you missed the shipping deadlines but still want to get an atlatl set for someone, Thunderbird Atlatl has gift certificates available. The main branch should be the length of the user's forearm and hand. Ryan has been primitive hunting with an atlatl for a while and has taken a number of big game animals with spears. [citation needed], The Aztec atlatl was often decorated with snake designs and feathers,[10] potentially evocative of its association with Ehecatl, the Aztec wind deity.[11]. The Nanticoke Atlatl was inspired by the classic Southwestern atlatl with a double leather looped keeper strap. An atlatl was the weapon of choice of a serial killer in the 2020 action-thriller The Silencing, where it is erroneously described as an illegal weapon.[47]. Atlatls are often decorated or paintedthe oldest ones we have are elaborately carved. Balancing both behind her ear, she pauses, pointing with her opposite hand toward the target; and then, with a movement as if she were pitching a ball, she flings the shaft forward allowing it to slip out of her fingers as it flies towards the target. Osceola. This atlatl features three rests, including a finger rest, tine rest, and forearm rest to carry extra dart length without deflection, bone tine, knuckled grip handle, and atlatl weight which is included. Some atlatlists maintain that stone weights add mass to the shaft of the device, causing resistance to acceleration when swung and resulting in a more forceful and accurate launch of the dart. Holiday Shipping Schedule! To see if the earliest North Americans including people from the Clovis culture, Folsom culture (10,000 to 11,000 years ago) and other Paleo-Indians used atlatls, Hutchings analyzed the fractures present in hundreds of spear points. Best atlatl for beginners and kids. Regardless of the use, whether learning about a primitive skill or wanting to hunt, the atlatl can be a fun sport for people of all ages. If a spear point hits a target hard enough, the energy of the impact will cause the tip to break. [citation needed], The atlatl, as used by these Tarairiu warriors, was unique in shape. Researchers reasoned that "if the spear-thrower originated in the Old World, then it only made sense that it must have shown up with early [North American] colonists," Hutchings said. Anthropologist Harald Prins offers the following description: The spear-thrower was an important part of life, hunting, and religion in the ancient Andes. Below youll find all of our spear-throwers and darts, and an explanation of their unique characteristics. Estlica handles were commonly carved and modeled to represent real world accounts like animals and deities. Holiday Shipping Schedule! Viking Traders Blacksmith Forged Zulu Iklwa Spear Head Made from High Carbon Steel,Leaf shapped Spear 21" 3.8 3.8 out of 5 stars (7) $59.00 $ 59. Additionally, Paleo-Indians were thought to have hunted big animals, such as mammoths and ground sloths, which would have required powerful, long-distance weapons to take the animals down safely. Walnut Atlatl Thrower Starter Spears Walnut Atlatl Thrower Atlatl Banner Stones Dalton Atlatl Points Large Atlatl Stone Points Pedernales Atlatl Points & Blades Fish Spears Tabs, Arm Guards, Strings, etc. Thank you for checking out our webpage! View all dates. The spear should be longer, about three to five feet. Now is your chance. THE note in NATURE of November 19 (p. 66) recording the important discovery at Lake Patzcuaro, Mexico, of "a modern atlatl (not altatl, as misprinted) well worn and old-looking, accompanied with . Well I can say that Ryan is a lot better than I am but he can maintain a 6\" group at 8 yards no problem. [13] It is possible that the atlatl was invented earlier than this, as Mungo Man from 42,000 BP displays arthritis in his right elbow, a pathology referred to today as the "Atlatl elbow," resulting from many years of forceful torsion from using an atlatl.